Sources & References

30 published sources for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps, each with evidence grades and key findings.

30 total sourcesGrade A: 6Grade B: 20Grade C: 4treatment (9)pathophysiology (8)epidemiology (4)genetics (5)diagnostics (2)reviews (2)

treatment

9 sources

Grade Ccohortn=42Unverified

Outcomes of Maximal Conventional Therapy Before Biological Treatment in Recurrent Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

Topan YE, Bayar Muluk N, Yavuz R, Alataş N, Cingi C · J Craniofac Surg · 2026

●MCT improved SNOT-22 in ~70% of recurrent CRSwNP patients after prior ESS
●Only 13% of patients required biologics after structured MCT protocol
●Structured pre-biologic evaluation can identify true biologic candidates

Details DOI ↗

Grade Bcohortn=67Unverified

Dual clinical remission in patients treated with biologics for severe asthma and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis

Takahashi N, Kojima A, Numata T, et al. · Allergol Int · 2026

●Dual clinical remission achieved in 25% of patients with both severe asthma and eosinophilic CRS on biologics
●CRS remission rate (60%) higher than asthma remission (37%)
●Age ≥65 and N-ERD comorbidity are predictors of dual remission

Details DOI ↗

Grade Bcohortn=28Unverified

Mepolizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with severe nasal polyposis: Real-life Spanish cohort study

Toro PC, Fors MG, Ríos AL, Agodino IC, Muñoz LP, Lluch CG, González-Compta X · Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed) · 2026

●Significant improvements in NPS, SNOT-22, and symptom VAS at 6 and 12 months
●Olfactory function improved significantly at 12 months
●Patients with asthma and AERD showed greater clinical benefit; no serious adverse events

Details DOI ↗

Grade ARCTn=413Unverified

Efficacy and safety of benralizumab in CRSwNP (OSTRO): randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Bachert C, Han JK, Wagenmann M, et al. · Lancet · 2024

●Significant NPS and nasal blockage improvement
●Near-complete tissue eosinophil depletion via ADCC
●FDA-approved 2024 for CRSwNP
●Benefit in high-eosinophil patients

Details DOI ↗

Grade ARCTn=407Unverified

Mepolizumab for CRSwNP (SYNAPSE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Han JK, Bachert C, Fokkens W, et al. · Lancet Respir Med · 2021

●Significant NPS reduction at 52 weeks
●Reduced need for surgery
●Improved nasal obstruction VAS
●FDA-approved 2021 for CRSwNP

Details DOI ↗

Grade ARCTn=265Unverified

Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: POLYP 1 and POLYP 2 trials

Gevaert P, Omachi TA, Corren J, et al. · J Allergy Clin Immunol · 2020

●Significant NPS reduction vs placebo
●Improved nasal congestion and SNOT-22
●FDA approval for CRSwNP 2020
●Benefit correlated with baseline IgE

Details DOI ↗

Grade Bcohortn=1459Unverified

Long-term outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP

Hopkins C, et al. · Laryngoscope · 2020

●80–90% initial symptom improvement
●40–80% polyp recurrence rate
●25% require revision surgery
●Eosinophilia and asthma predict recurrence

Details

Grade ARCTn=724Unverified

Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe CRSwNP (LIBERTY NP SINUS-24 and SINUS-52)

Bachert C, Han JK, Desrosiers M, et al. · Lancet · 2019

●Significant NPS reduction vs placebo
●Improved nasal congestion, SNOT-22, Lund-Mackay CT score
●Restored olfaction (UPSIT)
●Reduced need for systemic steroids and surgery

Details DOI ↗

Grade BcohortUnverified

Aspirin desensitisation in AERD: outcomes and protocols

Laidlaw TM, et al. · J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract · 2019

●Aspirin desensitisation reduces polyp recurrence in AERD
●Maintenance dose 325–650mg daily
●Reduces need for revision surgery

Details DOI ↗

pathophysiology

8 sources

Grade CcohortUnverified

Type 2 inflammation promotes distinct metabolic profiles in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Yonaga T, Ishii H, Yoshimura K, Shimamura A, Sakamoto K, Matsuoka T, Sakurai D · Rhinology · 2026

●Type 2 inflammation drives distinct metabolic profiles in CRSwNP vs CRS without NPs
●Metabolomic landscape may provide biomarkers for treatment resistance and recurrence
●Links cellular phenotype to metabolic alterations in CRSwNP pathogenesis

Details DOI ↗

Grade Bnarrative reviewUnverified