IL-1β
Key effector cytokine
- Expression
- Elevated
- Evidence level
- established
- Targeted by
- Anakinra, Canakinumab
Role in pathogenesis
IL-1β is the convergent downstream effector driving TRAPS symptoms. Despite being a TNF receptor disease, IL-1β blockade (anakinra, canakinumab) is far more effective than anti-TNF therapy. Mitochondrial ROS and ER stress both activate NLRP3 inflammasome → caspase-1 → IL-1β processing.
Targeting drugs (2)
| Drug | Mechanism | Response | Line |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anakinra | IL-1 receptor antagonist | ~90% (complete ~67%) | 1st |
| Canakinumab | Anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody | 45% complete (Phase III); >94% disease control (long-term) | 1st |
Sources (3)
DetailsBulua AC et al. (2011) Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species promote production of proinflammatory cytokines and are elevated in TNFR1-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) · J Exp MedDOI ↗